Alexander VIII, 1689-1691

ments, with a love of benevolence for God in Himself, is not a good and supernatural motive.

1306. 16. Neither the policy nor institution of the Church has introduced the order of placing satisfaction before absolution, but the law and prescription of Christ, since the nature of the thing in a way demands that very order.

1307. 17. By that practice of absolving first the order of penance is inverted.

1308. 18. The modern custom as regards the administration of the sacrament of penance, even if the authority of many men sustains it and long duration confirms it, is nevertheless not considered by the Church as a usage but as an abuse.

1309. 19. Man ought to do penance during his whole life for original sin.

1310. 20. Confessions made to religious are generally either sacrilegious or invalid.

1311. 21. The parish priest can suspect mendicants who live on common alms, of imposing too light and unsuitable a penance or satisfaction because of the advantage or gain of some temporal aid.

1312. 22. They are to be judged sacrilegious who claim the right to receive Communion before they have done worthy penance for their sins.

1313. 23. Similarly, they must be prevented from Holy Communion, who have not yet a pure love of God, without any admixture.

1314. 24. The oblation in the Temple, which was made by the Blessed Virgin Mary on the day of her purification by means of two turtle doves, one for a holocaust and the other for sins, sufficiently testifies that she was in need of purification, and that her Son (who was being offered) was also stained with the stain of His mother, according to the words of the law.

1315. 25. It is unlawful to place in a Christian temple an image of God the Father [Viva: sedentis, sitting].

1316. 26. Praise which is offered to Mary, as Mary, is vain.

1317. 27. Sometimes baptism is valid when conferred under this form: "In the name of the Father, etc. . . . ," omitting these words: "I baptize thee."

1318. 28. Baptism is valid when conferred by a minister who observes all the external rite and form of baptizing, but within his heart resolves, I do not intend what the Church does.

1319. 29. Futile and many times refuted is the assertion about the authority of the Roman Pontiff being superior to that of an ecumenical Council and about his infallibility in deciding questions of faith.

1320. 30. When anyone finds a doctrine clearly established in Augustine, he can absolutely hold and teach it, disregarding any bull of the pope.

1321. 31. The Bull of Urban VIII, "In Eminenti," is false.¹