Systematic Index

natural law 1777 ff., 1874, 1932 (although freedom of worship can be patiently borne in customs and practice, where either the necessity of obtaining a greater good or of preventing an evil demands it 1874).

Licitly, justice being preserved, one can free himself from external dominion 1876, 1936.

The principle of "non-intervention" is reprobated 1762.

Political rule as such is required by natural law 1855 f., 1866, 1868; its form can be diverse 1855, 1871 f., 1886, 1934, 2221, and once taken up can be changed again 1933.

But sedition and rebellion are illicit 1763, 1850, 1868, 1878, 2278; for the authority of the government in itself is given immediately by God 1856 f., 1868, 1934 (it does not arise from a contract 1856), and is even in a sinner 595, 597, 656.

The right order of the state demands that, individualism rejected and the struggle "of the classes" excluded, "orders" be maintained 2267, so that matters of minor moment and concern be relegated to inferior groups 2266, and it involve itself in only a subsidiary way 2266, so that when necessity demands it may define the use of property 1938c, 2256, and always serve and guard social justice 2277.

[The relation between Church and state, see II i].

The obligations of the state and the rights of citizens: The state ought to preserve and guard the natural rights of the family 1877, 1938a, 2277,

and of private persons 1877, 1938a, 2277 (even of fetuses 2244 and of infants 2209), for example with regard to the right of entering matrimony 2245, 2252,

and of "orders" 2266, and of the Church 1719 ff., 2208 ff., 2278.

Let it not involve itself without necessity in the intimate affairs of citizens 1877, 1938a, or of cities 1877, or of "orders" 2266 ff., or of families 1877 (it cannot circumscribe the begetting of children 2226);

let it recognize the rights of citizens to live according to the precepts of reason and of conscience 2278, of private property 2256, of inheritance 2256, of coalition 1938d, 2268, not however of societies secretly conspiring against the rights of the state 1860.

The obligations of citizens and the rights of the state: The state (if it is the fatherland, to be loved 1936a) is also to be guarded by the citizens 1936a by the giving even of one's life 1936a; but for the love of the fatherland it is not lawful to violate oaths or commit crimes 1764, nor to violate the laws of the Church 1936b, on the other hand it is licit to resist the abuse of power according to the circumstances 1936b, 2278.

Just taxes are to be paid 1938c, 2256. Just laws are to be fulfilled 1763, 1841, 1876.

Each one should work according to his capacity for the public good of the municipality 1882, and of the state by accepting public office 1883 ff., 1935, editors of magazines by their writing 1887.

[XI p]

Education, is entirely ordered to the last end, accordingly it should be Christian 2202, 2212, 2224.

The office of educating belongs to the Church, the family, and the state 2203 ff.

It belongs to the Church as the supreme teacher and supernatural mother 1695, 1745 ff., 2204, 2217, who ought to oversee the whole of education 2205, 2220.

Hence neither clergy is to be kept from gathering youths into institutions or educating 1695, 2222.

The right and office of the family to educate is from God 2207, 2216, 2230, of protecting children 2223, of sending them to truly Catholic schools (not mixed or neutral) 2219 ff., C1374, with Catholic teachers, especially religious 2222.