Folio 176

St. Gregory VII, 1073-1085

printed p. 144 · pdf p. 176

ST. GREGORY VII 1073-1085

ROMAN COUNCIL VI 1079

(Against Berengarius)

The Most Holy Eucharist1

(Oath taken by Berengarius)

355. I, Berengarius, in my heart believe and with my lips confess that through the mystery of the sacred prayer and the words of our Redeemer the bread and wine which are placed on the altar are substantially changed into the true and proper and living flesh and blood of Jesus Christ, our Lord, and that after consecration it is the true body of Christ which was born of the Virgin and which, offered for the salvation of the world, was suspended on the Cross, and which sitteth at the right hand of the Father, and the true blood of Christ, which was poured out from His side not only through the sign and power of the sacrament, but in its property of nature and in truth of substance, as here briefly in a few words is contained and I have read and you understand. Thus I believe, nor will I teach contrary to this belief. So help me God and these holy Gospels of God.

VICTOR III 1087

URBAN II 1088-1099

COUNCIL OF BENEVENTO 1091

The Sacramental Nature of the Diaconate2

356. Can. 1. Let no one be chosen in order of succession into the episcopacy except one who has been found living religiously in sacred orders. More-

  1. Msi XX 524 D; cf. Jf post 5102; ML 148, 811; Hrd VI I 1585 B; cf. Hfl V 129; Bar(Th) ad 1079 n. 3 (17, 453 b f.).—Berengarius was condemned by St. Leo IX in the Council of Rome 1050 [Msi XIX 759 ff.] and of Vercelli 1050 [Msi XIX 773 ff.]; by Victor II in the Synod of Florence 1055 [Msi XIX 837 f.]; by Nicholas II in the Synod of Rome 1059 [Msi XIX 900 A]; by St. Gregory VII in two councils of Rome 1078 [Msi XX 516 C] and 1079. In this extremity he was compelled to subscribe to this formula, after he had frequently either deluded the judges or returned to his vomit. ↩

  2. Msi XX 738 E; Jf post 5444; cf. CIC Decr. I, 60, 4; Frdbg I 227; Rcht I 195.—According to a decision of Innocent III even a subdeacon can be elected to the episcopacy (Benedict XIV, De syn. dioec. VIII, 9, 9 f.). ↩