Folio 177

Paschal II, 1099-1118

printed p. 145 · pdf p. 177

over we call sacred orders the diaconate and the priesthood. Since we read that the early Church had only these, only concerning these do we have the precept of the Apostle.

PASCHAL II 1099-1118

LATERAN COUNCIL 1102

(Against Henry IV)

The Obedience Owed the Church1

[Formula prescribed for all the cities of the Eastern Church]

357. I declare anathema every heresy and especially that one which disturbs the position of the present Church, which teaches and declares that excommunication is to be despised and that the restrictions of the Church are to be cast aside. Moreover, I promise obedience to Paschal, the supreme Pontiff of the Apostolic See, and to his successors under the testimony of Christ and the Church, affirming what the holy and universal Church affirms and condemning what she condemns.

COUNCIL OF GUASTALLA2 1106

The Ordinations by Heretics and Simoniacs3

358. For many years now the broad extent of the Teutonic kingdom has been separated from the unity of the Apostolic See. In this schism indeed

  1. Msi XX 1147 C; Hrd VI, II 1863 A; Bar(Th) ad 1102 n. 2 (18, 130 b); cf. Hfl V 266 ff. ↩

  2. Guastalla of Lombardy. ↩

  3. Msi XX 1209 f.; Jf post 6094; Hrd VI, II 1183 (primo) A; Bar(Th) ad 1106 n. 29 (18, 171 a). Because of this a serious controversy had arisen in the tenth century as to whether ordinations by heretics and simoniacs were valid or not, because certain of the more ancient authorities seemed to have decided that they are invalid. Cf. the Council of Rome, 964 [Msi XVIII 474], Urban II ep. to Lanzo etc., 1091 [Msi XX 705 f.]. But presently Clement II in a synod of Rome 1047 [Msi XIX 627 f.], when inflicting punishments on those ordained simoniacally, ignored the validity of the ordinations. Leo IX confirmed this decree in a Roman synod 1049, and declared that the ordinations by heretics were valid through a snare [Hrd VI, II 991]. But Nicholas II in a Roman Synod 1059, permitted those who thus far had been ordained gratis by simoniacs to remain in their office [see n. 354]. Urban II in Placentina 1094, made the same decision regarding those who unknowingly had been ordained by simoniacs, and regarding those ordained by schismatics whom, however, manner of life and knowledge commended [Msi XX 805; cf. 809]. Paschal II decided similarly. But the entire question was only slowly lulled to sleep: see Hfl V op. 380 f., 440, 442, 514, 712, 718, 725. On reordinations which are said to ↩